Phishing Campaigns featuring Ursnif Trojan on the Rise

Authored by Jyothi Naveen and Kiran Raj

McAfee Labs have been observing a spike in phishing campaigns that utilize Microsoft office macro capabilities. These malicious documents reach victims via mass spam E-mail campaigns and generally invoke urgency, fear, or similar emotions, leading unsuspecting users to promptly open them. The purpose of these spam operations is to deliver malicious payloads to as many people as possible.

A recent spam campaign was using malicious word documents to download and execute the Ursnif trojan. Ursnif is a high-risk trojan designed to record various sensitive information. It typically archives this sensitive data and sends it back to a command-and-control server.

This blog describes how attackers use document properties and a few other techniques to download and execute the Ursnif trojan.

Threat Summary

The initial attack vector is a phishing email with a Microsoft Word document attachment.
Upon opening the document, VBA executes a malicious shellcode
Shellcode downloads the remote payload, Ursnif, and invokes rundll32.exe to execute it.

Infection Chain

The malware arrives through a phishing email containing a Microsoft Word document as an attachment. When the document is opened and macros are enabled, Word downloads a DLL (Ursnif payload). The Ursnif payload is then executed using rundll32.exe

Word Analysis

Macros are disabled by default and the malware authors are aware of this and hence present an image to entice the victims into enabling them.

Figure 2- Image of what the user sees upon opening the document

VBA Macro Analysis of Word Document

Analyzing the sample statically with ‘oleId’ and ‘olevba’ indicates the suspicious vectors..

The VBA Macro is compatible with x32 and x64 architectures and is highly obfuscated as seen in Figure-5

To get a better understanding of the functionality, we have de-obfuscated the contents in the 2 figures shown below.

Figure 6- De-obfuscated VBA macro (stage 1)

Figure 7- De-obfuscated VBA macro (stage 2)

An interesting characteristic of this sample is that some of the strings like CLSID, URL for downloading Ursnif, and environment variables names are stored in custom document properties in reverse. As shown in Figure-7, VBA function “ActiveDocument.CustomDocumentProperties()” is used to retrieve the properties and uses “StrReverse” to reverse the contents.

We can see the document properties in Figure-8

Payload Download and Execution:

The malicious macro retrieves hidden shellcode from a custom property named “Company” using the “cdec” function that converts the shellcode from string to decimal/hex value and executes it. The shellcode is shown below.

The shellcode is written to memory and the access protection is changed to PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE.

Figure 11- Shellcode’s memory and protection after calling VirtualProtect()

After adding the shellcode in memory, the environment variable containing the malicious URL of Ursnif payload is created. This Environment variable will be later used by the shellcode.

Figure 12- Environment variable set in Winword.exe space

The shellcode is executed with the use of the SetTimer API. SetTimer creates a timer with the specified time-out value mentioned and notifies a function when the time is elapsed. The 4th parameter used to call SetTimer is the pointer to the shellcode in memory which will be invoked when the mentioned time is elapsed.

Figure 13- SetTimer function (Execution of shellCode)

The shellcode downloads the file from the URL stored in the environmental variable and stores it as ” y9C4A.tmp.dll ” and executes it with rundll32.exe.

URL	hxxp://docmasterpassb.top/kdv/x7t1QUUADWPEIQyxM6DT3vtrornV4uJcP4GvD9vM/
CMD	rundll32 “C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Temp\y9C4A.tmp.dll”,DllRegisterServer

After successful execution of the shellcode, the environment variable is removed.

Figure 15- Removal of Environment Variable

IOC

TYPE	VALUE	PRODUCT	DETECTION NAME
Main Word Document	6cf97570d317b42ef8bfd4ee4df21d217d5f27b73ff236049d70c37c5337909f	McAfee LiveSafe and Total Protection	X97M/Downloader.CJG
Downloaded dll	41ae907a2bb73794bb2cff40b429e62305847a3e1a95f188b596f1cf925c4547	McAfee LiveSafe and Total Protection	Ursnif-FULJ
URL to download dll	hxxp://docmasterpassb.top/kdv/x7t1QUUADWPEIQyxM6DT3vtrornV4uJcP4GvD9vM/	WebAdvisor	Blocked

MITRE Attack Framework

Technique ID	Tactic	Technique Details	Description
T1566.001	Initial Access	Spear phishing Attachment	Manual execution by user
T1059.005	Execution	Visual Basic	Malicious VBA macros
T1218.011	Defense Evasion	Signed binary abuse	Rundll32.exe is used
T1027	Defense Evasion	Obfuscation techniques	VBA and powershell base64 executions
T1086	Execution	Powershell execution	PowerShell command abuse

Conclusion

Macros are disabled by default in Microsoft Office applications, we suggest keeping it that way unless the document is received from a trusted source. The infection chain discussed in the blog is not limited to Word or Excel. Further threats may use other live-off-the-land tools to download its payloads.

McAfee customers are protected against the malicious files and sites detailed in this blog with McAfee LiveSafe/Total Protection and McAfee Web Advisor.

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