Intel Security has recently seen a new kind of ransomware–Zcrypt—that can self-replicate. This “virus ransomware” arrives via email in a malicious attachment or by usurping an Adobe Flash Player installation. The malware copies itself onto removable drives to infect other machines.
Zcrypt uses the Nullsoft Scriptable Install System, which works like a Zip file, decompressing and loading the content while running.
Summary of original Zcrypt file.
If we take a look at the resource, we can see some information related to the installer. The following window, extracted from the resource viewer, is related to the installer, but when the sample runs no window appears.
Resource information for Zcrypt file.
Using a simple unzip tool, we can see the content of the file.
Extracted content of Zcrypt ransomware.
The files contained in the original sample:
- $PLUGINSDIR contains the system.dll file related to the Nullsoft engine.
- cCS file read by the DLL before to run the final payload
- 9 file read by the DLL before to run the final payload.
- dll is the malicious DLL that runs the final payload.
DLL analysis
SetCursor.dll is loaded by the installer. The following screenshot gives us some information about this DLL:
Summary information for SetCursor.dll.
We can also see that the compilation date is not correct and indicate a very old file (1970).
The metadata of the file is related to the tool TortoisePlink and the icon of the sample is related to the software Putty.
Metadata for SetCursor.dll.
The sample uses obfuscation to hide its behavior and to avoid the analysis. The export table is completely obfuscated and cannot be read statically.
Extract of obfuscated export table.
Behavior
The sample creates a registry run key and a LNK file in the startup folder for persistency. It calculates an MD5 sum of the string (computer name @ user name) and saves it in cid.ztxt. Then it drops both public and private keys and queries a remote IP to register the infected machine. Once the machine is registered, the malware starts to encrypt the files with the Zcrypt extension. Once the encryption is finished, it drops an HTML file on the desktop, downloads a PNG ransom message from 93.174.90.126, and the Bitcoin address to pay the ransom.
Once the sample is running, it creates or queries the following registry keys:
- HKCUSoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionRunzcrypt
- HKLMSOFTWAREMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionShellCompatibilityApplicationszcrypt.exe
- HKLMSOFTWAREMicrosoftWindows NTCurrentVersionCompatibility32zcrypt
- HKLMSOFTWAREMicrosoftWindows NTCurrentVersionImage File Execution Optionszcrypt.exe
- HKLMSOFTWAREMicrosoftWindows NTCurrentVersionAppCompatFlagsCustomzcrypt.exe
- HKCUSoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionApp Pathszcrypt.exe
- HKCUSoftwareClassesAppIDzcrypt.exe
- HKLMSoftwareMicrosoftWindows NTCurrentVersionAppCompatFlagsCustomzcrypt.exe
And creates these files:
- C:Users<username>AppDataRoamingMicrosoftWindowsStart MenuProgramsStartupzcrypt.lnk
- C:Users<username>AppDataRoamingzcrypt.exe
- C:Users<username>AppDataRoamingcid.ztxt
- C:Users<username>AppDataLocalTempnsr76A8.tmp
- C:Users<username>AppDataLocalTempnsr76A9.tmpSystem.dll
- C:Users<username>AppDataLocalTempnsm3B6D.tmp
- C:Users<username>AppDataLocalTempnsm3B6E.tmp
- C:Users<username>AppDataLocalTempnsm3B6E.tmpSystem.dll
- C:Users<username>AppDataRoamingCoalfish.cCS
- C:Users<username>AppDataRoamingRelay.9
- C:Users<username>AppDataRoamingSetCursor.dll
- C:Users<username>DesktopSetCursor.DLL
- C:WindowsSystem32SetCursor.DLL
- C:WindowssystemSetCursor.DLL
- C:WindowsSetCursor.DLL
- C:Users<username>Desktopzcrypt.exe.Local
- C:Users<username>AppDataRoamingpublic.key
- C:Users<username>AppDataRoamingprivate.key
Network connection
The sample makes the following requests to the site dedicate-hosting.ml (93.174.90.126):
Public-key request:
GET http://dedicate-hosting.ml/c8a40e36a897c6073b393e12c646894d/e72b2dacd696259ae4abb9952bc53f4d.php?computerid=&public=1 HTTP/1.1
Private-key request:
GET http://dedicate-hosting.ml/c8a40e36a897c6073b393e12c646894d/e72b2dacd696259ae4abb9952bc53f4d.php?computerid=&private=1 HTTP/1.1
Bitcoin address request:
GET http://dedicate-hosting.ml/c8a40e36a897c6073b393e12c646894d/e72b2dacd696259ae4abb9952bc53f4d.php?computerid=&btc=1 HTTP/1.1
Connection: Keep-Alive
PNG ransom message request:
GET http://dedicate-hosting.ml/4.png HTTP/1.1
After a successful infection, victims see the ransom message:
The Zcrypt HTML ransom message.
The PNG ransom message.
Digging deeper
To further analyze Zcrypt, we changed the characteristic field on the sample to load it into OllyDbg as a normal executable. The DLL uses multiple WriteProcessMemory functions to write the payload into the memory space. (For more, see https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms681674%28v=vs.85%29.aspx.)
BOOL WINAPI WriteProcessMemory(
_In_ HANDLE hProcess,
_In_ LPVOID lpBaseAddress,
_In_ LPCVOID lpBuffer,
_In_ SIZE_T nSize,
_Out_ SIZE_T *lpNumberOfBytesWritten
);
The WriteProcessMemory function.
Once the final WriteProcessMemory step completes, we can extract the payload from the memory with the address of the buffer.
Extracting the payload from memory.
After extracting the payload, we can see the language used and the original compilation date, which is close to the infection date.
Summary of the payload.
A program database file shows us some information about the original name, MyEncrypter2:
The sample also uses some tricks to avoid analysis:
Zcrypt’s antidebugging tricks.
To encrypt the files on the system, the sample uses OpenSSL. We can find some references in the code:
References to OpenSSL.
This code is related to evp_enc.c, which we can find on github.
Further references to OpenSSL.
All files can be found here.
The list of targeted files:
.zip, .mp4, .avi, .mkv, .wmv, .swf, .pdf, .sql, .txt, .jpeg, .jpg, .png, .bmp, .psd, .doc, .docx, .rtf, .xls, .xlsx, .odt, .ppt, .pptx, .xml, .cpp, .asm, .php, .aspx, .html, .conf, .sln, .mdb, .3fr, .accdb, .arw, .bay, .cdr, .cer, .cr2, .crt, .crw, .dbf, .dcr, .der, .dng, .dwg, .dxf, .dxg, .eps, .erf, .indd, .kdc, .mdf, .mef, .mrw, .nef, .nrw, .odb, .odp, .ods, .orf, .p12, .p7b, .p7c, .pdd, .pef, .pem, .pfx, .pst, .ptx, .r3d, .raf, .raw, .rw2, .rwl, .srf, .srw, .wb2, .wpd, .jnt, .pub, .trc, .tar, .jsp, .mpeg, .msg, .log, .vob, .max, .3ds, .3dm, .cgi, .jar, .class, .java, .bak, .pdb, .apk, .sav, .cbr, .pkg, .tar.gz, .fla, .vcxproj, .XCODEPROJ, .eml, .emlx, .mbx, .vcf
Targeted extensions.
The sample also tries to create autorun.inf in the connected drive or network drive using the function GetDriveType. With this capability the malware is able to self-replicate and infect more people without human action. (For more, see https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-gb/library/windows/desktop/aa364939%28v=vs.85%29.aspx.)
UINT WINAPI GetDriveType( _In_opt_ LPCTSTR lpRootPathName);
The GetDriveType function.
GetDriveType in the sample.
The AutoRun file.
Creating an AutoRun file on a removable drive.
To download a file from the server, the sample uses the function URLDownloadToFile and CreateFile to copy the files onto the infected machine.
Downloading and creating the PNG file from the remote site.
Finally the sample creates a batch file to delete some files, such as the private key. The malware runs the file with the function WinExec with the option CMDShow set to “0” to avoid to displaying command window. (For more, see https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms633548%28v=vs.85%29.aspx)
Creating and running the batch file.
Conclusion
This short analysis of Zcrypt shows us that ransomware continues to gain capabilities to infect more systems. It is interesting to note that CryptoLocker actors also used the Nullsoft installer last year.
To protect yourself and your systems against this type of threat, read How to Protect Against Ransomware, from Intel Security.
Indicators of compromise:
- hxxp://dedicate-hosting.ml
- exe = 4e971d8a160579a5ef60b214aed0008a
- cCS = c0232ecc947fa7332187dca7f3ce3eb1
- 9 = e7a1c862460e65f0fde91d9020b3f3f5
- dll = 843f7d05fa78119554496bbc042c6147
- mem = 5fde78da66d1d44d4993a0945e025311
Related sample:
- d1e75b274211a78d9c5d38c8ff2e1778
- hxxp://qwertyuiop.gp
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